HPLC ELSD Method for Analysis of Acetylcholine on Zodiac HST TH Column

Acetylcholine: Role and Analysis

Acetylcholine is a vital neurotransmitter that facilitates communication across synapses—gaps between nerve cells or between nerve cells and muscles. It functions extensively in both the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Key Points About Acetylcholine:

• Chemical Structure:
  Acetylcholine is formed by combining choline and acetyl coenzyme A. Its chemical formula is (CH₃COOCH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₃⁺).

• Synthesis and Release:
  Synthesized within neurons via enzymatic reactions, acetylcholine is released into the synaptic cleft when a nerve impulse reaches the nerve terminal.

• Neuromuscular Junction:
  In the PNS, acetylcholine transmits signals from motor neurons to muscle fibers at neuromuscular junctions. Binding to muscle cell receptors triggers muscle contraction.

• Autonomic Nervous System:
  Acetylcholine plays a key role in the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system, helping to reduce heart rate, stimulate digestion, and support the body’s “rest and digest” state.

• Cognitive Functions:
  Within the CNS, acetylcholine is essential for cognitive processes like memory, attention, and learning, interacting with different receptor types throughout the brain.

• Degradation:
  The enzyme acetylcholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, terminating its signal and preventing overstimulation.

• Medical Relevance:
  Medications that target acetylcholine receptors or inhibit acetylcholinesterase are used to manage conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, where boosting acetylcholine activity may support cognitive function.

• Analytical Method:
  Acetylcholine can be effectively retained and analyzed using the Zodiac HST TH mixed-mode stationary phase column. This is accomplished with an isocratic method using a simple mobile phase consisting of water, acetonitrile (MeCN), and ammonium acetate as a buffer. Detection is performed using Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD).